W3Schools 線上編輯器 - W3Schools 教學

Python

Java

class Graph:
    def __init__(self, size):
        self.adj_matrix = [[0] * size for _ in range(size)]
        self.size = size
        self.vertex_data = [''] * size

def add_edge(self, u, v):
        if 0 <= u < self.size and 0 <= v < self.size:
            self.adj_matrix[u][v] = 1
            self.adj_matrix[v][u] = 1

def add_vertex_data(self, vertex, data):
        if 0 <= vertex < self.size:
            self.vertex_data[vertex] = data

def print_graph(self):
        print("Adjacency Matrix:")
        for row in self.adj_matrix:
            print(' '.join(map(str, row)))
        print("\nVertex Data:")
        for vertex, data in enumerate(self.vertex_data):
            print(f"Vertex {vertex}: {data}")
            
    def dfs_util(self, v, visited):
        visited[v] = True
        print(self.vertex_data[v], end=' ')

for i in range(self.size):
            if self.adj_matrix[v][i] == 1 and not visited[i]:
                self.dfs_util(i, visited)

def dfs(self, start_vertex_data):
        visited = [False] * self.size
        start_vertex = self.vertex_data.index(start_vertex_data)
        self.dfs_util(start_vertex, visited)

g = Graph(7)

g.add_vertex_data(0, 'A')
g.add_vertex_data(1, 'B')
g.add_vertex_data(2, 'C')
g.add_vertex_data(3, 'D')
g.add_vertex_data(4, 'E')
g.add_vertex_data(5, 'F')
g.add_vertex_data(6, 'G')

g.add_edge(3, 0)  # D - A
g.add_edge(0, 2)  # A - C
g.add_edge(0, 3)  # A - D
g.add_edge(0, 4)  # A - E
g.add_edge(4, 2)  # E - C
g.add_edge(2, 5)  # C - F
g.add_edge(2, 1)  # C - B
g.add_edge(2, 6)  # C - G
g.add_edge(1, 5)  # B - F

g.print_graph()

print("\nDepth First Search starting from vertex D:")
g.dfs('D')

#Python

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdbool.h>

#define SIZE 7

typedef struct {
    int adjMatrix[SIZE][SIZE];
    char vertexData[SIZE];
} Graph;

void initGraph(Graph *g) {
    for (int i = 0; i < SIZE; i++) {
        for (int j = 0; j < SIZE; j++) {
            g->adjMatrix[i][j] = 0;
        }
        g->vertexData[i] = '\0';
    }
}

void addEdge(Graph *g, int u, int v) {
    if (u >= 0 && u < SIZE && v >= 0 && v < SIZE) {
        g->adjMatrix[u][v] = 1;
        g->adjMatrix[v][u] = 1;
    }
}

void addVertexData(Graph *g, int vertex, char data) {
    if (vertex >= 0 && vertex < SIZE) {
        g->vertexData[vertex] = data;
    }
}

void printGraph(Graph *g) {
    printf("Adjacency Matrix:\n");
    for (int i = 0; i < SIZE; i++) {
        for (int j = 0; j < SIZE; j++) {
            printf("%d ", g->adjMatrix[i][j]);
        }
        printf("\n");
    }

printf("\nVertex Data:\n");
    for (int i = 0; i < SIZE; i++) {
        printf("Vertex %d: %c\n", i, g->vertexData[i]);
    }
}

void dfsUtil(Graph *g, int v, bool visited[]) {
    visited[v] = true;
    printf("%c ", g->vertexData[v]);

for (int i = 0; i < SIZE; i++) {
        if (g->adjMatrix[v][i] == 1 && !visited[i]) {
            dfsUtil(g, i, visited);
        }
    }
}

void dfs(Graph *g, char startVertexData) {
    bool visited[SIZE] = {false};
    int startVertex = -1;

for (int i = 0; i < SIZE; i++) {
        if (g->vertexData[i] == startVertexData) {
            startVertex = i;
            break;
        }
    }

if (startVertex != -1) {
        dfsUtil(g, startVertex, visited);
    }
}

int main() {
    Graph g;
    initGraph(&g);

addVertexData(&g, 0, 'A');
    addVertexData(&g, 1, 'B');
    addVertexData(&g, 2, 'C');
    addVertexData(&g, 3, 'D');
    addVertexData(&g, 4, 'E');
    addVertexData(&g, 5, 'F');
    addVertexData(&g, 6, 'G');

addEdge(&g, 3, 0); // D - A
    addEdge(&g, 0, 2); // A - C
    addEdge(&g, 0, 3); // A - D
    addEdge(&g, 0, 4); // A - E
    addEdge(&g, 4, 2); // E - C
    addEdge(&g, 2, 5); // C - F
    addEdge(&g, 2, 1); // C - B
    addEdge(&g, 2, 6); // C - G
    addEdge(&g, 1, 5); // B - F

printGraph(&g);

printf("\nDepth First Search starting from vertex D:\n");
    dfs(&g, 'D');

return 0;
}

//C

import java.util.Arrays;

class Graph {
    private int[][] adjMatrix;
    private char[] vertexData;
    private int size;

public Graph(int size) {
        this.size = size;
        this.adjMatrix = new int[size][size];
        this.vertexData = new char[size];
    }

public void addEdge(int u, int v) {
        if (u >= 0 && u < size && v >= 0 && v < size) {
            adjMatrix[u][v] = 1;
            adjMatrix[v][u] = 1;
        }
    }

public void addVertexData(int vertex, char data) {
        if (vertex >= 0 && vertex < size) {
            vertexData[vertex] = data;
        }
    }

public void printGraph() {
        System.out.println("Adjacency Matrix:");
        for (int[] row : adjMatrix) {
            for (int cell : row) {
                System.out.print(cell + " ");
            }
            System.out.println();
        }

System.out.println("\nVertex Data:");
        for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
            System.out.println("Vertex " + i + ": " + vertexData[i]);
        }
    }

private void dfsUtil(int v, boolean[] visited) {
        visited[v] = true;
        System.out.print(vertexData[v] + " ");

for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
            if (adjMatrix[v][i] == 1 && !visited[i]) {
                dfsUtil(i, visited);
            }
        }
    }

public void dfs(char startVertexData) {
        boolean[] visited = new boolean[size];
        int startVertex = new String(vertexData).indexOf(startVertexData);
        dfsUtil(startVertex, visited);
    }
}

public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Graph g = new Graph(7);

g.addVertexData(0, 'A');
        g.addVertexData(1, 'B');
        g.addVertexData(2, 'C');
        g.addVertexData(3, 'D');
        g.addVertexData(4, 'E');
        g.addVertexData(5, 'F');
        g.addVertexData(6, 'G');

g.addEdge(3, 0); // D - A
        g.addEdge(0, 2); // A - C
        g.addEdge(0, 3); // A - D
        g.addEdge(0, 4); // A - E
        g.addEdge(4, 2); // E - C
        g.addEdge(2, 5); // C - F
        g.addEdge(2, 1); // C - B
        g.addEdge(2, 6); // C - G
        g.addEdge(1, 5); // B - F

g.printGraph();

System.out.println("\nDepth First Search starting from vertex D:");
        g.dfs('D');
    }
}

//Java